In vertical farming and hydroponic facilities, controlling parameters such as ambient temperature and humidity is a subject that requires as much attention as the cultivation technique itself in terms of product quality and yield. Compared to traditional agriculture, producing in enclosed and controlled environments makes it possible to achieve consistent and high yields regardless of variable climate conditions throughout the year. However, achieving the desired indoor climate conditions requires comprehensive planning referencing engineering disciplines and proper equipment selection.
A properly designed HVAC system aims to create sustainable climate conditions 365 days a year for plants by maintaining parameters such as temperature, humidity, airflow, and CO₂ levels within optimum ranges. Indeed, the most important component in vertical farming facilities is the HVAC (cooling, ventilation, humidity control) system. This system is integrated into the plant growing facility to filter and condition the incoming and outgoing air to create the optimum atmosphere for crops.
In vertical farming or soilless farming operations, designing the HVAC system with appropriate and sufficient capacity for the growing area will directly affect the success of cultivation, product efficiency, and operating costs. In this article, the NKT - Academy team has examined the fundamental elements of climate control and engineering approaches in vertical farming and hydroponic environments in detail.