ACADEMY SERIES · EPISODE 15Controlled-Environment Agriculture

Humidity & VPD in Vertical Farming

A plant releases about 95% of the water its roots take up into the air as vapour through its leaves; in a vertical farming room of thousands of plants, that means kilograms of water vapour every hour. This episode covers the moisture load from transpiration, LED heat, VPD and its target range, night-time humidity and the right dehumidification strategy for grow rooms.

Published: 8 October 2026Narration: Turkish and English6:40

In this video

  • A plant releases about 95% of the water its roots take up as vapour through its leaves; a room taking up 100 litres a day has a moisture load of about 95 litres, with a daytime peak approaching 5 kg per hour.
  • All of the electricity supplied to the LEDs ends up as heat in the room; transpiration only shifts the split between sensible and latent heat, so cooling and dehumidification are calculated together.
  • In controlled-environment growing, VPD is usually held at 0.8–1.2 kPa; too low a VPD leads to tipburn in lettuce, and humidity above 85–90% for long periods raises the risk of Botrytis.
  • When the lights go off, air at 24 °C and 60% reaches 80% once it cools to around 19 °C, so a separate night setting is needed.
  • With typical grow-room dew points of 14–18 °C, condensing dehumidifiers are the most efficient choice, and the collected water can be filtered, disinfected and returned to the nutrient tank.

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